A Brief History of Women's Rights in the UK

The long and ongoing journey towards equality and safety.

Why This Matters

The rights and protections we have today were not easily won. They are the result of generations of courageous women and their allies who fought against injustice. Understanding this history helps us appreciate the progress made and recognize the work that still needs to be done.

For survivors, knowing the history of legal and social change can be empowering. It shows that systems can change and that your voice is part of a long tradition of fighting for safety and equality.

Key Milestones

1853

Act for Better Prevention & Punishment of Aggravated Assaults

Allowed imprisonment for men who beat their wives for up to 6 months.

1861

Offences Against the Person Act

Made common assault an offence and criminalised inflicting bodily injury, with or without a weapon.

1878

Matrimonial Causes Act

Allowed women survivors of violence in marriage to obtain separation orders.

1882

Married Women’s Property Act

Gave married women the right of absolute control over their own money and property.

1928

The Right to Vote (Equal Franchise Act)

All women over 21 were granted the same voting rights as men.

1956

Rape Legally Defined

Rape was legally defined for the first time.

1970

Equal Pay Act

This landmark legislation made it illegal to have different pay scales for men and women for the same work or work of equal value.

1970

Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Bill Act

Required local authorities to provide welfare services to disabled people.

1971

First Women's Refuge

The world's first safe house for women and children escaping domestic abuse was opened by Refuge in Chiswick, London.

1975

Sex Discrimination Act

Made it illegal to discriminate against women in employment, education, and training, and gave women the right to maternity pay.

1976

Race Relations Act

Significantly extended rights to prevent discrimination on the grounds of race.

1985

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Criminalised

The act of FGM became a criminal offence.

1987

First Domestic Abuse Helpline

Established by Women’s Aid, providing a critical support line.

1989

‘The Hidden Struggle’ Report

The first research into the experiences of black women and domestic abuse was released.

1991

Marital Rape Criminalised

In a historic ruling, the House of Lords declared that it was a crime for a husband to rape his wife.

1993

Violence Against Women & Girls Recognised

The UN officially recognised violence against women and girls as a human rights violation.

1997

Protection from Harassment Act

New legislation introduced to protect people from harassment.

1997

Occupation & Non-Molestation Orders

Introduced to exclude perpetrators from the home and prevent threats or violence.

2002

First LGBT+ Helpline

Broken Rainbow (now run by Galop) set up the first helpline for LGBT+ survivors.

2003

New FGM Act

Increased penalties and explicitly covered UK nationals who took children abroad for FGM.

2008

‘Making the Links’ Report

The first national report by Women’s Aid on the impact of domestic abuse on disabled women.

2012

Destitution Domestic Violence (DDV) Concession

Scheme introduced to help migrant survivors with No Recourse to Public Funds access benefits.

2014

Clare’s Law

Gives anyone the right to ask the police if their partner has a history of domestic violence offences.

2015

Coercive Control Criminalised

A huge step forward, making patterns of controlling behaviour a criminal offence under the Serious Crime Act.

2021

Domestic Abuse Act Becomes Law

Legally defined domestic abuse and recognised children as victims in their own right.

2021

Time Limit for Reporting Assault Extended

Refuge, with partners, successfully campaigned to extend the time limit for reporting common assault.

2021

The Naked Threat Campaign

Threats to share intimate images is now a criminal offence thanks to campaigning by Zara McDermott and others.

2023

Online Safety Act Strengthened

After campaigning, the Act was updated to include duties for tech companies around coercive control and VAWG.

2025

The First Survivor-Led, Privacy-First Safety Website

Guardian Angel is launched, becoming the world's first website to combine zero-knowledge encryption, comprehensive safety tools, and a survivor-led vision into a single, live and accessible ecosystem. It represents a new chapter in using technology to empower survivors.

Guardian Angel Timeline 1994-2025
  • 1994: Founder, Becky Chadburn, is born.
  • 2003: At age 9, has her first dealings with the police and makes a report of abuse.
  • 2006-2007: Parents divorce.
  • 2012: Completes Level 2 Performing Arts Award.
  • 2012-2015: At age 18-21, is groomed.
  • 2014: At age 20, travels to America on a whim and stays for 6 months.
  • 2015: Works as a Care Assistant and Support Worker.
  • 2018: Completes Level 3 & 4 in Health and Social Care.
  • 2019: Achieves Level 1 & 2 qualifications in Warehouse Operations.
  • 2022: Attends court for the first time.
  • 2022: Completes Domestic Violence & Sexual Violence training with IDAS.
  • 2022: Creates the 'Domestic Violence Movement' video and publishes the book 'Let Me Speak'.
  • 2022: Registers 'THE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE MOVEMENT SANCTUARY'S LIMITED' (later dissolved).
  • 2022: Conducts first video interview with the Mental Health Warriors.
  • 2023: Attends court again, reinforcing the need for better survivor support systems.
  • 2023: Completes 'Fundamentals of Domestic Violence' and 'Impacts of Trauma' courses.
  • 2023: The Domestic Violence Movement is fully started.
  • 2024: Creates the first prototype website and begins volunteering.
  • 2024-2025: Serves as an IDAS (Independent Domestic Abuse Services) Champion.
  • 2025: Completes Creative Industries course, gaining skills in web design, IT, and coding.
  • June 2025: Releases her first music on all major platforms.
  • July 2025: Guardian Angel Project is conceived and created.
  • July 21st 2025: Guardian Angel is a registered company, and Becky Chadburn is appointed as official Company Director.
  • 2025: Guardian Angel is launched, becoming the world's first website to combine zero-knowledge encryption, comprehensive safety tools, and a survivor-led vision into a single, live and accessible ecosystem. It represents a new chapter in using technology to empower survivors.

The Journey Continues

While great strides have been made, the fight for true equality and safety continues. Domestic abuse remains a widespread issue, and the work of organizations and advocates is as vital as ever. Guardian Angel is proud to be a part of this ongoing story, using technology to support the next chapter of empowerment.